SEX-PHEROMONE OF CHORISTONEURA-PARALLELA (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) -COMPONENTS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PHEROMONE LURE FOR POPULATION MONITORING

The sex pheromone components of Choristoneura parallela (Robinson) wer e investigated using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection ( CC-EAD) and CC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of sex pheromone gla nds and gland-released volatiles. Analysis of gland-released volatiles indicated the presence of (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH), (E)-11-tet radecenyl acetate (E11-14:Ac), and (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH). Wh ole-gland extracts contained the above components as well as (Z)-11-te tradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac), and tetradecanol (14:OH). The E11-14:O H/E11-14:Ac ratios in the gland and effluvia were similar to 4:1 and 2 0-50:1, respectively. The cis isomers of both the 11-14:OH and 11-14:A c were present in the gland at 3-5 and 1-2% of that of the correspondi ng E isomers, respectively. The presence of tetradecanol (14:OH), a pr eciously identified component in the gland, could not be confirmed by GC-EAD or GC-MS in the effluvia Among the various blends evaluated in the field, blends containing E11-14:OH (major pheromone component), E1 1-14:Ac, and Z11-14:OH in the range of 100:1-4:1-5 ratios, respectivel y, were equally effective in trapping C. parallela moths. The ratio of E11-14:OH to E11-14:Ac appears to be more critical than the ratio of E11-14:OH to Z11-14:OH. Moth catches were significantly lower in traps baited with E11-14:OH, E11-14:Ac, Z11-14:OH, and 14:OH in the ratios of 100:1:1:1-10 than in traps baited with the first 3 components alone at 100:1:1 ratio. Addition of Z11-14:Ac to blends containing the abov e 3 components in a 100:4:5 or 100:1:5 ratio did not improve trap catc hes. Rubber septa containing E11-14:OH, E11-14:Ac, and Z11-14:OH, in 1 00:4:5 ratio, at 30 to 3,000-mu g loading of the major component were evaluated in a field test. Moth catches were not significantly differe nt among traps baited with 300 to 3,000-mu g lending of the major comp onent. In 2 separate field tests, traps baited with the above 3 compon ents in 100:4:5 ratio captured as many moths as traps baited with the most attractive 4-component blend identified in a previous study.