AGE-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF FACTORS RELATED TO FATAL MOTOR-VEHICLE TRAFFIC CRASHES - FOCUS ON YOUNG AND ELDERLY DRIVERS

This population-based study examines patterns of fatal motor vehicle t raffic crashes (MVTCs) by age group (16-24, 25-64, 65+) among Canadian drivers. The Canadian Traffic Accident Information Databank (TRAID) p rovided information about fatal MVTCs between 1984 and 1993. Distribut ion of risk factors was compared by age group. Crude odds ratios and 9 5% CIs were calculated for both young and elderly drivers compared wit h middle-aged drivers. The middle-age group was selected as reference population since it demonstrates the lowest risk of fatality. Compared to the middle-aged group, young drivers demonstrated excess risk for (1) risk-taking behaviours and conditions, specifically alcohol and il licit drug use, speeding, non use of seat belts, fatigue and falling a sleep, and inexperience; (2) crashes during the summer, during weekend s and at night; and (3) single-vehicle collisions and on performing ov ertaking manoeuvres. Excess risk among elderly drivers was noted for ( 1) medical and physical conditions, inattention and inexperience; (2) driver actions, for example, improper turning, failure to yield right- of-way; (3) occurrence on weekdays and during the day; and (4) collisi ons at intersection and vehicle-vehicle sideswipes. The results show n otable differences in risk factors by age group and confirm the need f or preventive efforts that incorporate age-specific strategies.