Kp. Moresco et al., CARBON-DIOXIDE ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE TRANSPLANTED KIDNEY - TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND IMAGING FINDINGS, American journal of roentgenology, 171(5), 1998, pp. 1271-1276
OBJECTIVE. We evaluated the usefulness of carbon dioxide as the primar
y contrast material for renal transplant arteriography. CONCLUSION, Ca
rbon dioxide accurately showed artery pathology including anastomotic
and intrarenal stenoses, arteriovenous shunting, and diffuse arterial
disease from chronic transplant rejection. Using carbon dioxide as a c
ontrast agent reduced the volume of iodinated contrast material that n
eeded to be used. Then was no procedure-associated nephrotoxicity.