The article takes issue with positions that reduce representative syst
ems to democratic linearity, considering how the Latter is restricted
to variations in forms of government and electoral systems that do not
correspond to the growing complexity of national organizations. It is
proposed that a third dimension be added to Robert Dahl's bidimension
al model that is, eligibility from which it is possible to derive mini
malist yet strict definitions of authoritarian systems, of representat
ive systems in general, and of their oligarchical and polyarchical var
iations.