Aim-To assess the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in preterm and
term infants, given in a sequence of three doses beginning soon after
birth. Method-The immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine was assessed
in 176 preterm infants (< 35 weeks of gestation), immunised soon after
birth, and compared with that in 46 term infants. Titres of hepatitis
B antibodies were determined one to two months after the third vaccin
e. The significance of the differences between the term and preterm gr
oups was determined using Student's t test. Results-A similar proporti
on of infants in both preterm and term. groups attained protective tit
res of hepatitis B antibodies (88.7% vs 93.4%, respectively; p=NS). Ho
wever, the term infants had a higher geometric mean titre of antibodie
s after the third vaccine than did the preterm infants (701.2 (745.0)
vs 469.1 (486.2) mU/ml, respectively; p<0.03). Conclusion-Hepatitis B
vaccine is effective in most preterm infants when given soon after bir
th. It may be advisable to determine the immune response at 12-24 mont
hs of age to booster the non-responders.