Evidence for waves and/or turbulence in the vicinity of shocks in space

The Rankine-Hugoniot equations for hydromagnetic shocks are extended to take into consideration the energy and momentum flux due to waves and/or turbulence in the vicinity of shocks. Eighteen shocks observed in space are analyzed. It is found, in order to satisfy the R-H relations with the values of measured parameters in space that waves and/or turbulence are needed for those shocks with Mach number greater than two, for the shocks with Mach number less than two, no waves and/or turbulence are needed to satisfy the R-H equations. A discussion of these waves and turbulence is given.