Scientific enquiry has provided important insights into the nature of
health problems and inequalities in health, allowing us to see the pre
ssing problems of individuals and their families from wider perspectiv
es, including the social origins of health problems, the life historie
s of individuals and important relationships between population health
and economic factors. However, science cannot be relied upon to solve
these problems. In the last century, doctors advocated public health
measures for the good of society that anticipated scientific explanati
ons of how the measures would work. Similar advocacy is now needed to
address problems of child poverty and social exclusion and their impli
cations for society, the economy and public health in the next century
.