Background-Graft thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia represent the majo
r causes of graft failure. Heparin has been shown to have a beneficial
effect on long-term patency and on prevention of intimal hyperplasia.
Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of
heparin coating on patency rate and intimal hyperplasia in small synth
etic vascular grafts. Methods and Results-Two synthetic grafts (expand
ed polytetrafluoroethylene [ePTFE], and polyurethane) with and without
heparin coating were implanted in the infrarenal aorta (diameter, 2 m
m) of 40 Whistar rats. Animals survived 8 weeks after implantation. Gr
aft patency, intimal thickness, and percentage of diameter stenosis we
re determined by light microscopy at the proximal respectively distal
anastomosis and in the middle of the graft. Uncoated grafts showed a p
atency rate of 70% for ePTFE and 60% for polyurethane grafts. Heparin-
coated grafts showed a patency rate of 100% for ePTFE and 90% for poly
urethane grafts, Intimal hyperplasia was observed in all grafts mainly
at the anastomosis site. Intimal wall thickness and percentage of ste
nosis were significantly more pronounced in the polyurethane than ePTF
E grafts (P<0.01), Heparin coating significantly reduced overall graft
thrombosis (P<0.05) but had no significant effect on intimal hyperpla
sia. Conclusions-Small grafts show a high rate of graft thrombosis and
an enhanced intimal hyperplasia. ePTFE grafts show significantly less
intimal hyperplasia and percentage of stenosis than polyurethane graf
ts. Heparin coating significantly reduced graft thrombosis but had no
significant effect on intimal hyperplasia. Thus, heparin coating seems
to be beneficial for graft patency, and ePTFE appears to be superior
to polyurethane as graft material.