VASCULAR GENE-THERAPY

Gene therapy is an exciting frontier in medicine today, Radiologists w ill be involved in tracking the effects of these new therapies through imaging. Vascular and interventional radiology techniques also are id eally suited for minimally invasive, readily monitored gene delivery. Gene therapy is accomplished through gene augmentation or gene blockin g. The latter is accomplished through antisense oligonucleotides or tr anscription factor decoys, Vectors are agents that facilitate gene del ivery and expression and can be viral or nonviral, The vascular wall i s an ideal target for gene therapy because of its central role in many biologic processes and its ready accessibility. Recombinant genes can be delivered ex vivo and in vivo, with the latter approaches involvin g open surgical, percutaneous injection, and endovascular catheter-bas ed methods. Perforated, hydrogel-coated, and double balloon catheters have been used with varying success, Optimal catheter systems for gene transfer will enable delivery of the vector to the precise anatomic l ocation with transfection limited to the cells of interest and will mi nimize shedding of the vector to distal sites, systemic effects of the therapeutic agent, and morbidity from the delivery method, Radiologis ts must become familiar with the basic rationale, strategies, and mech anisms of gene therapy and involved in its clinical trials to ensure a n active role in this field.