The authors analyzed retrospectively the results of open-labeled botul
inum toxin type F (BTXF) treatment for 1 year or longer in 18 BTXA-res
istant patients. All patients except one primary nonresponder to BTXA
improved initially with BTXF. Most patients continued to respond to BT
XF for 1 year or longer, but four patients became resistant to BTXF. B
TXF-resistant patients received a higher dose per treatment and a high
er cumulative dose than BTXF-responsive patients. BTXF can he used for
longterm treatment of dystonia. It seems prudent to limit BTX doses o
f all serotypes to the lowest necessary for clinical efficacy.