This article presents questions, offers ideas, and solicits input rega
rding hypotheses and methodologies needed to extend our understanding
of the ethnic representation of students identified as having serious
emotional disturbance (SED). Technical methods are discussed to ensure
that estimates of the extent of disproportionate representation are a
ccurate, technically defensible, and interpretable for purposes of fur
ther research and policy decisions. Research questions and analyses ne
eded to produce a better conceptual understanding of why disproportion
ality occurs are explored. Societal issues are described that influenc
e definitions, methods, and interpretations and will continue to influ
ence capacity to respond to the problem of disproportionate ethnic rep
resentation of students with SED.