Men have more germ-line cell divisions than women. Does this lean to a
higher mutation rate in males? Most estimates of the proportion of mu
tations originating In men come either from direct observation of dise
ase-inducing mutations or from analysis of the relative rate of evolut
ion of sex-linked and autosomal genes in primates. The latter mode of
analysis has also been applied to other mammals, birds and flies. For
unknown reasons this method produces contradictory results. A majority
of estimates using the best direct methods in humans indicate a male
bias for point mutations, but the variance in estimates is high. It is
unclear how the evolutionary and direct data correspond and a consens
us as to the extent of any male bias is not presently possible. While
the number of germ-line cell divisions might contribute to differences
this by no means accounts for all of the data.