LOSING AND GAINING IN OLD-AGE - CHANGES IN PERSONAL NETWORK SIZE AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN A 4-YEAR LONGITUDINAL-STUDY

Objectives. Previous studies have shown that most older people have a significant number of relationships. However, the question of whether the aging of old people produces losses in their personal networks rem ains open for discussion. This study models the individual variability of the changes affecting multiple personal network characteristics. M ethods. Personal interviews were conducted with 2,903 older Dutch adul ts (aged 55-85) in three waves of a four-year longitudinal study. Resu lts. A stable total network size was observed, with an increasing numb er of close relatives and a decreasing number of friends. Contact freq uency decreased in relationships, and the instrumental support receive d and emotional support given increased. Age moderated the effect of t ime for some of the network characteristics, and for many of them, eff ects of regression towards the mean were detected. Furthermore, major variations in the direction and the speed of the changes were detected among individual respondents, and nonlinear trends were observed. Dis cussion. The widely varying patterns of losses and gains among the res pondents squares with the focus on the heterogeneity of developments a mong aging people. The instability of the network composition might re flect the natural circulation in the membership of networks.