B. Jakobsson et al., GROSS AND FINE-STRUCTURE OF PION-PRODUCTION EXCITATION-FUNCTIONS IN P-NUCLEUS AND NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS REACTIONS, Physical review letters, 78(20), 1997, pp. 3828-3831
Slow ramping of the CELSIUS storage ring has been utilized to measure
the yield of charged pions in proton and heavy ion induced collisions
with continuously varying beam energy. Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck pre
dictions, including Fermi momenta of nucleons in nuclei, follow the ge
neral shape of the p-nucleus excitation functions quite well except fo
r a general overestimation of the backward emission. For heavy ion rea
ctions the calculated yield also falls off faster with decreasing beam
energy than the data. No statistically significant narrow resonances
are observed.