RNA editing in kinetoplastid protozoa remodels the sequences of mitoch
ondrial pre-mRNAs by the precise insertion and deletion of uridylate r
esidues. These sequence changes are directed by small trans-acting RNA
s, termed guide RNAs. The basic mechanistic pathway by which edited RN
A is generated has recently been elucidated using in vitro systems cap
able of a full round of guide-RNA-directed editing.