Severe constipation in adults with megarectum may be a manifestation o
f Hirschsprung's disease or idiopathic megarectum. The differential di
agnosis is discussed in the light of two case histories. Total abdomin
al proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis eliminated the aganglionic re
ctal segment in Hirschsprung's disease and the adynamic distal colorec
tum of idiopathic megarectum respectively. The surgical and functional
results of a hand-sewn transanal end-to-end-anastomosis were excellen
t in both patients.