Factors Affecting the Context for Motivation in Public Organizations

A comparative framework is used to assess the present understanding of the motivational context in public organizations. Comparative public-private research on individual, job, work environment, and external variables affecting motivation is reviewed. In light of this research, the efficacy of four motivational techniques-monetary incentives, goal setting, job design, and participation-is discussed. An agenda is offered for future research, focusing on topics such as the measurability of performance, goal clarity, and job security.