Controversy in German Management: The Harzburg Model Experience

German management researchers have challenged the Harzburg Model of "leadership in a co-worker relationship" on both ideological and behavioral grounds.German critics propose a humanistic form of participative leadership as an alternative, but many German managers still seek a model that retains greater management control.American managers and researchers may be encouraged to collaborate with German management theorists in developing leadership models that contribute to high worker satisfaction and productivity within the value framework of Western industrial societies.