Nicholson, Nigel et Johns, Gary, The Absence Culture and the Psychological Contract-Who's in Control of Absence?, Academy of Management review , 10(3), 1985, pp. 397-407
The concepts of absence culture and psychological contract are invoked to explain variations in absence behavior within and between organizations and their subunits.A typology of absence cultures is developed based on the degree of salience of the culture and the level of trust inherent in the psychological contract.An example of an absence culture in transition is provided, and implications for researchers and managers are discussed.