Calculating the mean physical stock in a simple periodic review invent
ory system seems to be straightforward. However, the standard approxim
ate expressions appear to yield inaccurate results, especially for low
service levels. Low service levels are frequently encountered at inte
rmediate nodes in cost-optimal solutions for multi-echelon systems. In
this note, we present an improved approximate method that is both sim
ple and accurate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.