An explosive cholera outbreak with Vibrio cholerae O1, Inaba, El Tor b
egan in Peru in January 1991 and extended to all the Latin American co
untries except Uruguay and the Caribbean. The number of cases diminish
ed from 396,363 in 1991 to 17,260 in 1997, while the fatality rate rem
ained around 1%. The source and features of the epidemic and the prosp
ects for the eradication of cholera in Latin America are discussed.