Dj. Lyon et al., CROP PRODUCTION AND SOIL-WATER STORAGE IN LONG-TERM WINTER WHEAT-FALLOW TILLAGE EXPERIMENTS, Soil & tillage research, 49(1-2), 1998, pp. 19-27
Soil water is the major limiting factor in dryland crop production in
the Central Great Plains. No-till fallow management increases soil wat
er storage and reduces soil erosion potential. Two experiments were in
itiated in 1969 and 1970 near Sidney, NE to compare effects of moldboa
rd plow (Plow), sub-tillage (Sub-till) and no-tillage (No-till) fallow
systems on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, grain pro
tein, residue production, and soil water accumulation during fallow. T
he first experiment was established in 1969 on an Alliance silt loam t
hat had been previously cultivated prior to study initiation. This exp
eriment contained a nitrogen (N) fertilizer split of 0 and 45 (kg N) h
a(-1) within each tillage treatment. The second experiment was establi
shed in 1970 on a Duroc loam that was in native mixed prairie sod. No
fertilizer was applied at this site. At both sites, soil water storage
was greatest with the no-till and least with the plow system. Winter
wheat grain yields failed to consistently respond to increased soil wa
ter storage in the no-till system during the 24-26 years of the experi
ments. Grain yields with the plow system were 8% greater than with sub
- and no-till systems at the Previously Cultivated site when N was not
applied. The addition of N at this site eliminated yield differences
due to fallow tillage systems. Grain protein averaged 13.8, 13.3 and 1
2.8% for all plow, sub- and;lo-till treatments, respectively. The addi
tion of N at the Previously Cultivated site increased residue dry weig
hts by an average of 5% in all tillage systems. Neither grain protein
nor residue dry weights were affected by tillage system at the Native
Sod site. Winter wheat-fallow is probably not a sustainable production
system for the Central Great Plains, regardless of the fallow managem
ent system used. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.