F. Carrascomarin et al., SURFACE-TREATED ACTIVATED CARBONS AS CATALYSTS FOR THE DEHYDRATION AND DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS OF ETHANOL, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 102(46), 1998, pp. 9239-9244
Two activated carbons were prepared from olive stones with different d
egrees of activation and oxidized with a (NH4)(2)S2O8 solution for var
iable periods of time to introduce different amounts of oxygen surface
complexes. Samples so prepared were characterized to know their surfa
ce area, porosity, and surface chemistry and then were used as catalys
ts in the conversion reactions of ethanol. The dehydration reactions t
o obtain ethene and ether only occurred on the oxidized samples, where
carboxyl groups placed on the external surface of the particles were
responsible for these reactions. The dehydrogenation reaction to yield
acetaldehyde took place on either acid or basic surface sites placed
not only on the external surface, but also on some part of the interna
l surface. During the reaction some surface active sites for dehydroge
nation were lost because some hydrogen remained bound to them. The pre
sence of air in the reactant mixture cleaned some of these sites, incr
easing the dehydrogenation activity and decreasing the dehydration act
ivity. Also studied was the effect on their activity of the pretreatme
nts of the catalysts in He or H-2 flow at different temperatures up to
1273 K.