Gs. Tian et Lh. Tang, PARITY EFFECT IN A SMALL SUPERCONDUCTING GRAIN - A RIGOROUS RESULT, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 58(18), 1998, pp. 12333-12337
The parity effect in an ultrasmall superconducting grain is examined.
By applying a generalized version of Lieb's spin-reflection positivity
technique, we show rigorously that the parity parameter Delta(p) is n
onvanishing in such a system. A positive lower bound for Delta(p) is d
erived. [S0163-1829(98)05242-4].