3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION CODE FOR THE INJECTOR OF PNCS HIGH-POWER, HIGH-DUTY ELECTRON LINAC

We developed a new, three-dimensional simulation code ETRA3D to calcul ate beam dynamics in the injector of PNC's high-power, high-duty elect ron linac. In ETRA3D, beam dynamics is calculated by the Hamilton equa tions, and a space-charge force is determined by the potentials produc ed by the other electrons. The Hamiltonian is assessed at each time-st ep, and the length of the time-step is varied by changing in the Hamil tonian to reduce calculation time and errors. The precision of ETRB3D was checked by comparing it with the envelope equation; the agreement between them was good. We demonstrated the capabilities of ETRA3D by a n example in which the electron beam is not launched along the axis of a series of the solenoid coils; under this condition, two-dimensional codes cannot calculate its dynamics. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. A ll rights reserved.