LOW TIBIAL OSTEOTOMIES

The general aspects for the analysis of malalignment of the low tibial region in the three-dimensional space are discussed. Recommendations for clinical and radiological diagnostics prior to low tibial osteotom ies are given. Closing wedge, opening wedge, dome-shaped, distraction, rotational and step-shaped osteotomies as well as combined procedures are described. The possibilities of these techniques are pointed out for malalignment after lower leg, pilon and ankle fractures, as well a s after trauma of the distal epiphysis of the tibia. Arthroscopy of th e ankle is an additional tool for detailed planning of the adequate su rgical procedure. The importance of determining an early correction ca nnot be underestimated.