This paper looks at the access options and challenges facing the new o
perators in an increasingly liberalised telecommunications market. It
considers the opportunities and risks associated with moving from a pr
edominantly leased-line approach to one where a combination of owned a
nd indirect access is also used. The business structures that can be u
sed to create a new, operator are considered, together with a high lev
el view of the technology options they have. The fundamentals of imple
menting a network are also discussed.