I discuss the kinds of fundamental questions that must be addressed by
people who develop theories about how religion and science are (or sh
ould be) related. After categorizing these questions as axiological, e
pistemological, ontological, or semantic, I focus on those that concer
n the goals of religion and science (the axiological issues). By disti
nguishing between epistemic and practical goals, individual and collec
tive goals, and manifest and latent goals, I identify seven axiologica
l questions. The various answers that religion/science theorists give
or presuppose to these axiological questions help to explain why such
deep, ongoing differences continue among them.