Te. Joiner et al., DEVELOPMENT AND FACTOR-ANALYTIC VALIDATION OF THE SPANAS AMONG WOMEN IN SPAIN - (MORE) CROSS-CULTURAL CONVERGENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MOOD, Journal of personality assessment, 68(3), 1997, pp. 600-615
We reported our findings on the development and preliminary validation
of a Spanish-language measure of positive and negative affect. Using
confirmatory factor analytic techniques on data generated by 708 women
in northern Spain, we obtained reasonable construct validity and reli
ability data for the measure. Consistent with past cross-cultural stud
ies, a two-factor Positive Affect-Negative Affect (PA-NA)structure eme
rged, with PA and NA as relatively independent entities. The structure
in this sample converged with that reported for a culturally separate
group of participants. This factor structure has therefore revealed i
nvariance across a number of cultural groups in Asia, Europe, and Nort
h America.