Dimensions of international negotiation: A test of Ikle's typology

Results from statistical analyses of 30 cases of international negotiations supported Ikle's typology of negotiating objectives. The cases, sampled fr om the collection of Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, were distin guished in terms of five objectives: innovation, redistribution, extension, normalization, and side effects. In addition, a sixth objective was identi fied: negotiations concerning the creation of multilateral regimes. These c ases focused on issues that surfaced on the international agenda during the 1980s. Each type had a relatively distinct profile based on such aspects o f negotiation as the number of parties and issues, bargaining strategies, m edia exposure, stability of the process, and types of outcomes. The methodo logy contributes to the state-of-the art in comparative analysis and the re sults have implications for the development of middle-range theories of neg otiation. They also contribute to practice, by enabling negotiators to eval uate future cases in terms of knowledge about past cases.