Hysteresis modeling of SMA actuators for control applications

Active material actuators, sometimes referred to as "smart" actuators, are gaining widespread use for control actuation. Many of these actuators exhib it hysteresis to some degree between their input and output response. There exists an extensive body of research concerning the modeling of hysteresis for the linearization, or compensation, of these hysteresis nonlinearities . However, the models have typically been identified off-line and mainly us ed in open-loop compensation. When the identified models do not exactly mat ch the actuator nonlinearities, the compensation can create an error betwee n the desired and actual control output. The hysteresis for several of thes e actuators has been shown to evolve over time, and can render a fixed hyst eresis model inadequate to linearize the hysteretic nonlinearities. This pa per presents an adaptive hysteresis model for on-fine identification and cl osed-loop compensation. Laboratory; experiments with a shape memory alloy w ire actuator provide evidence of the success of the adaptive identification and compensation. In addition, the means of determining the saturation of the SMA using updated information from the adaptive hysteresis model is pro vided.