To realize a high current under focusing operation we investigated the stru
cture of double-gated field emitter arrays (FEAs) and tried to anodize the
tip of the silicon emitters. It was found from these investigations that th
e FEAs with the thick extraction gate could maintain high emission current
during focusing operation. Furthermore, the anodized Si FEAs with thick ext
raction gate achieved a high emission current per tip of about 300 nA under
focusing operation. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)11702
-5].