The electrical characteristics of porous silicon field emitter arrays (PSFE
As) was studied. The surface of silicon field emitters was modified by elec
trochemical etching with HF: ethanol solution. Porous silicon consists of a
high density of submicroscopic fibrils which serve as increased emission s
ites per tip, hence significantly improving the emission characteristics. P
SFEAs exhibited low turn-on voltage and high emission current with small cu
rrent fluctuation and good reproducibility. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Societ
y. [S0734-211X(99)11602-0].