The authors report a patient with an axonal Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute
motor axonal neuropathy) associated with anti-GM1 antibody after Haemophilu
s influenzae infection. The result of ELISA inhibition studies and cytochem
ical staining with cholera toxin suggest the presence of a GM1-like structu
re on the surface of H. influenzae isolated from the patient. A particular
strain of H. influenzae may have a GM1-like structure and may elicit an axo
nal Guillain-Barre syndrome.