Urine plays a major role in bladder carcinogenesis, acting as a transp
ort mechanism for carcinogens, containing several growth factors stimu
lating cell proliferation, and indirectly affecting chemicals by alter
ations in concentrations of normal urinary components such as electrol
ytes, water and proteins. These latter effects are greatly modified by
diet composition and consumption and also by water consumption. Sever
al examples of these effects are presented.