Social dominance and social identity in the United States and Israel: Ingroup favoritism or outgroup derogation?

American and Israeli university students completed questionnaires in their native languages assessing ingroup identification, social dominance orienta tion (SDO) and ingroup and outgroup affect The interrelationships among the variables were examined for high- and low-status groups in three intergrou p contexts: whites and Latinos in the United States, Ashkenazim and Mizrach im in Israel, and Jews and Arabs in Israel. Theoretical predictions of soci al identity theory and social dominance theory were tested Results indicate d that for all high- and low-status groups, stronger ingroup identification was associated with more positive ingroup affect, and for nearly all group s, higher SDO was associated with more negative affect toward the low-statu s group. In addition, SDO was positively associated with ingroup identifica tion for all high-status groups, and negatively associated with ingroup ide ntification for almost all low-status groups. Explanations for cross-cultur al differences in the factors driving group affect are suggested, and theor etical refinements are proposed that accommodate them.