DESIGN STRATEGIES IN MINERALIZED BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS

Organisms have been producing mineralized skeletons for the past 550 m illion years. They have evolved many different strategies for improvin g these materials at almost all hierarchical levels from Angstroms to millimetres. Key components of biological materials are the macromolec ules, which are intimately involved in controlling nucleation, growth, shaping and adapting mechanical properties of the mineral phase to fu nction. One interesting tendency that we have noted is that organisms have developed several strategies to produce materials that have more isotropic properties. Much can still be learned from studying the prin ciples of structure-function relations of biological materials. Some o f this information may also provide new ideas for improved design of s ynthetic materials.