Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is widely reported as highly favourable to
wound healing. The experimental models generally used to investigate its ef
fects are difficult to set up and reliable quantification of the results ob
tained is rarely achieved. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms occ
urring during HBO remain poorly understood and its mode of application for
clinical practice is difficult to standardise. Our study was carried out to
assess the contributions of oxygen and hyperbaric pressure on the initial
steps of wound healing. It was based on qualitative and quantitative analys
is of the development of the angiogenic process in a granulation tissue bud
, using animals implanted with fibrin chambers, an in vivo model initially
described by Dvorak in guinea pigs. In our study, rats were further submitt
ed to HBO (OHB group) or hyperbaric air (Air-BB group) treatments. The cont
rol group (Control group) consisted of rats maintained in the treatment lan
k under normal atmospheric conditions. Nine specific parameters were determ
ined and analysed during the course of the angiogenic process by classical
histological techniques. The vascular density and the height of the bud wer
e particularly examined at day 7, 14 and 21 following chamber implantation.
At D7 the neovessel density and bud height were significantly higher in OH
B group than in Air-MB or Control groups, thus confirming the beneficial ef
fects of this treatment on the initial steps of wound hearing. Nevertheless
, the results reported herein also suggest a possible inhibitory effect of
hyperbaric therapy alone on this very early process, although the pathophys
iological significance of this effect on wound healing remains to be determ
ined.