Revision of the genus Barnadesia (Asteraceae : Barnadesioideae, Barnadesieae)

Barnadesia is a South American genus with 18 species of trees and shrubs, m ainly distributed in the Andes. This work represents a modem revision, whic h comprises taxonomic and phylogenetic aspects. The taxonomic aspect includ es a description and history of the genus, keys for identification of the g enera of the subfamily Barnadesioideae and the species of Barnadesia, descr iptions, an account of morphological and anatomical characters (spines, lea ves, hairs, corollas, anthers, achenes, pappi, and pollen), synonyms, illus trations, and distribution maps for each species, as well as a list of doub tful and excluded taxa. Two new subgenera, subg. Bacasia (Ruiz & Pav.) Urtu bey and Barnadesia, and a new combination, Barnadesia lehmannii Hieron. var . villosa (I. C. Chung) Urtubey, are proposed. The following new synonymies are established: Barnadesia media D. Don = B. arborea Kunth; B. wurdackii Ferreyra = B. arborea Kunth; B. caryophylla (Vell.) S. F. Blake var. macros pinosa (Loefgr.) T. C. Chung = B. caryophylla (Vell.) S. F. Blake; B. hutch isoniana Ferreyra = B. lehmannii Hieron. var. lehmannii; B. polyacantha Wed d. var. velutina I. C. Chung = B. polyacantha Wedd. The phylogenetic analys is of Barnadesia was proposed using morphological characters. Polarity of c haracters was based on outgroup comparison with the genus Fulcaldea. The ge nus Huarpea was included to test the monophyly of Barnadesia. Two monophyle tic groups were resolved: (1) B. corymbosa and B. parviflora, and (2) B. le hmannii, B. reticulata, B. caryophylla, B. polyacantha, B. glomerata, B. od orata, B. macbridei, B. jelskii, B. aculeata, B. horrida, B. macrocephala, B. pycnophylla, B. spinosa, B. arborea, B. dbmbeyana, and B. blakeana.