The Karwinskia parvifolia flower

The Karwinskia parvifolia (Rhamnaceae) flower develops in inflorescences ar ranged in axillary cymes of 2-5 flowers, having glabrous pedicels with smal l brownish spots, 5 triangular fleshy sepals, 5 white persistent petals, ea ch petal grows over one stamen. Stamens are localized in the corners of gre en nectariferous intrastaminal disc. The pistil is grown together from two carpels and consists of two locules, each containing two ovules. The ovule is anatropous, bitegmic, crassinucellate, the mature embryo sac contains on e egg-cell, two synergids, central nucleus and a higher number of antipodal cells. Solid style has two bands of transmitting tissue. Papillose stigma consists of two lobes. Tapetum is of the secretory type. Pollen grains are tricolpate and operculate with Zwischenkorper and thickened intine underlyi ng the apertures. The structure of ektexine is granular, which differs from the columellate/tectate type of structure typical of most angiosperm polle n. The ektexine overlies a homogenous-to-lamellar endexine, which in turn s urrounds a thick intine. There are numerous internal secretory structures in the pedicels, sepals an d pistil, e.g. mucilage ducts and cavities, tannins containing cells, and d ucts and cavities producing toxin mixture.