Effectiveness of antidepressants - Meta-analysis of dose-effect relationships in randomised clinical trials

Background Antidepressant drugs are usually prescribed at low doses, possib ly to avoid adverse reactions. No comprehensive review has addressed the is sue of dose, clinical response and tolerability in a quantitative way. Aims To determine whether high doses of antidepressants are more effective than lowdoses, and how safety is affected by dose. Method Trials comparing two or more doses of the same antidepressant were l ocated, and all antidepressants administered were converted to the equivale nt dose of imipramine. Generalised estimating equations were used to analys e percentage improvement and adverse event rate according to dose level. Results Thirty-three studies were identified. The dose level 100-200 mg imi pramine equivalents showed an average improvement of 53% by 'intention-to-t reat', Higher doses were not accompanied by increased efficacy, while lower doses showed reduction in efficacy. Adverse events significantly increased with dose. Conclusions With a low dose of antidepressants, clinicians trade off a slig htly reduced chance of improvement for a higher chance of avoiding adverse reactions.