Y. Hu et al., Determination of ruthenium in photographic materials using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, J ANAL ATOM, 14(4), 1999, pp. 589-592
Ru was determined in photographic emulsions and films using electrothermal
vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) afte
r minimal sample pre-treatment (no separation or preconcentration required)
. The emulsion samples were either (i) converted into a colloidal solution
by dissolution in warm water or dilute HNO3 (liquid sampling) or (ii) dried
at 105 degrees C (solid sampling) prior to analysis. For the analysis of p
hotographic films, only solid sampling, requiring no sample pre-treatment,
was used. By optimization of the ETV heating programme, on-line separation
of Ru (analyte) and Ir (internal standard) from the Ag matrix was accomplis
hed: approximate to 90% of the AE present was removed prior to the vaporiza
tion of Ru and Ir. Quantification of Ru was accomplished by single standard
addition, whereby Ir was used as an internal standard. The absolute limit
of detection was found to be approximate to 1 pg. The results obtained show
ed a good agreement with those obtained by pneumatic nebulization ICP-MS an
d/or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry after sample dissolution
.