Inflammatory cytokines and oxidized low density lipoproteins increase endothelial cell expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase

We investigated whether inflammatory cytokines or oxidized low density lipo proteins (Ox-LDL) present in human atheroma modulate extracellular matrix d egradation by inducing membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) e xpression. Cultured human endothelial cells (EC) constitutively expressed M T1-MMP mRNA and protein with enzymatic activity, Tumor necrosis factor-alph a (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha, or interleukin-1 beta caused a time dep endent increase in the steady-state MT1-MMP mRNA levels within 4 h of expos ure, peaking about 4-fold by 6 h, and remaining elevated for 12 h, Increase d MT1-MMP mRNA correlated with a 2.5-fold increase in MT1-MMP protein in EC membranes. Ox-LDL also increased MT1-MMP mRNA levels that varied with the duration of exposure and degree of LDL oxidation, The increase in MT1-MMP m RNA occurred within 6 h of exposure to Ox-LDL and peaked over 3 fold by 6 h , Ox-LDL, but not native LDL, increased MT1-MMP protein by a-fold in EC mem branes. A combination of TNF-alpha and Ox-LDL was additive in increasing MT 1-MMP expression. Nuclear run-on assays showed that TNF-alpha or Ox-LDL aug mented steady-state mRNA levels by increased transcription of the MT1-MMP g ene. These findings indicate that activation of EC by inflammatory cytokine s and/or Ox-LDL increase MT1-MMP expression. Since MT1-MMP promotes matrix degradation by activating pro-MMP-2, these results suggest a novel mechanis m whereby cytokines or Ox-LDL may influence extracellular matrix remodeling .