Patterns of smoking in the Baltic Republics

Background-Tobacco is a leading cause of avoidable death in the Baltic Repu blics but there is, as yet, relatively little information in the public dom ain on who is smoking and how this is changing. This information is importa nt for those seeking to develop effective policies to tackle this issue. Objective-To determine the pattern of smoking in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithu ania. Methods-Analysis of data on patterns of tobacco consumption from representa tive surveys of approximately 3000 adults aged under 65 in each country und ertaken in 1997. Results-The prevalence of smoking among men is 53.9%, 56.0%, and 53.2% resp ectively in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The corresponding figures for w omen are 24.1%, 10.9%, and 7.6%. For both sexes, current smoking rates are consistently lowest in the age group 50 to 64 and highest in the age group 35 to 49. Education and income are determinants of smoking rates among men but much less so among women. Russian men are more likely to smoke than are men from the majority group in each country. Smoking rates among women are much lower in rural than in urban areas of Latvia and Lithuania but this i s not so in Estonia. Conclusions-Smoking rates among men in the Baltic Republics are already ver y high. Among women, they still vary considerably. Each country has impleme nted some measures to reduce smoking. These seem to have been especially ef fective in Lithuania but, overall, much more action is needed.