T. Breithaupt et al., Urine release in freely moving catheterised lobsters (Homarus americanus) with reference to feeding and social activities, J EXP BIOL, 202(7), 1999, pp. 837-844
Previous studies suggest that urine-borne pheromones play an important role
in lobster agonistic and sexual behaviour. This paper investigates the pat
tern of urine release in catheterised, but otherwise freely moving, adult l
obsters with respect to feeding, social and non-social activities. Lobsters
on average released 4.1 ml (1% of body mass) of urine over a 12 h period;
this more than doubled to 10.6 ml over the 12 h period after feeding. Hourl
y monitoring revealed that most urine was released in the first hour after
feeding (2.84 ml). With the exception of the first hours after feeding, uri
ne release was intermittent, with pauses lasting up to 17 h. The probabilit
y of urine release per hour in unfed lobsters was 0.34 (median); this value
increased during agonistic interactions elicited by the introduction of a
conspecific (median 0.63) and during activity initiated by non-social distu
rbance (median 0.56). Mean urine volume during output hours in unfed lobste
rs amounted to 1.09 ml h(-1). This volume was significantly increased by th
e presence of a conspecific (1.88 ml h(-l)) and decreased during activity i
nitiated by non-social disturbances (0.56 ml h(-1)). No sex-specific differ
ences in urine release were found. The data demonstrate that lobsters contr
ol their urine release in a manner dependent on behavioural context. This s
upports recent findings suggesting the use of urine for chemical signalling
in agonistic interactions.