Gender differences at work: International variations in occupational segregation

Despite the prominence of discussions of gender segregation in explanations of labour market inequalities, there have been relatively few cross-nation al studies due to a lack of suitably detailed data. A recent ILO initiative obtained suitable data for cross-national analysis of 38 countries, with a much greater number of occupational categories than has usually been avail able. This paper reports findings from the analysis of these data. The prob lems and potential of using such data are discussed and a standardisation i s introduced to control for the effects of the number of occupations in the segregation measure. There are important differences in the level of segre gation in different countries. The highly segregated countries are to be fo und in Western Europe, and in particular Scandinavia. Several Arab countrie s also have high levels of segregation. An argument is made suggesting that the context and meaning of segregation patterns may be quite different fro m what might be inferred from single country studies.