Premature ovarian failure (POF) and fragile X premutation females: From POF to fragile X carrier identification, from fragile X carrier diagnosis to POF association data

Early menopause in the fragile X carriers has been well documented in sever al reports. All surveys demonstrated that 13-25% of fragile X carriers expe rienced premature ovarian failure (POF), defined as menopause before the ag e of 40 years. In 1995 we started screening two groups of subjects as a par t of a Fragile X Research Program: 1) women previously diagnosed as fragile X carriers from the register of our center and 2) women with POF and witho ut a family history of fragile X or other forms of mental retardation. In t his study we report the preliminary data collected from 75 fragile X famili es; in 30 of them, POF was present in one or several subjects, all of whom had a fragile X premutation. None of the women with a full mutation experie nced POF in our series of patients, We also identified 89 families without a family history of fragile X or mental retardation, and there were 108 sub jects who experienced POF, of which 6.5% had a fragile X premutation. This is 70-fold higher than the background prevalence of fragile X premutation i n the Italian population and suggests an association with POF. These data c onfirm the results of other surveys, (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.