Recovery of tree photosynthetic capacity from seasonal drought in the wet-dry tropics: the role of phyllode and canopy processes in Acacia auriculiformis

Trees in the wet-dry tropics experience droughts of 4-5 months duration eac h year. We examined the phyllode and canopy responses to such drought and t he subsequent recovery following rains, in 2-year-old field-grown Acacia au riculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth., grown in Darwin, Australia. During the dry season, photosynthesis declined from 24 to 5 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). Initially , decreases in phyllode chlorophyll and soluble protein content were parall eled by a decrease in stomatal conductance and the ratio of intercellular t o ambient carbon dioxide concentrations (C-i:C-a) remained above 0.65. Only at the end of the dry season, when phyllode chlorophyll and soluble protei n content had declined 73 and 52% respectively, did stomatal limitations pr edominated and the C-i:C-a ratio dropped to below 0.5. The first rains of t he wet season, despite being small, removed stomatal limitations after 1-8 days. Within 4 weeks, photosynthetic rates in the phyllodes subjected to 5 months of drought, recovered to 70-95% of wet season values. Photosynthetic recovery appeared to be related to restoration of chlorophyll content and variations in the extent of recovery could be explained by the differing fi nal chlorophyll contents. Both phyllode soluble protein content and stomata l conductance rates recovered to more than 90% of wet season values. These results indicate that during prolonged drought and recovery after rain, mes ophyll limitations to photosynthesis predominated in this tree species. Sho ot growth, to replace the 35-45% of foliage lost during the dry season, did not commence until more than 11 weeks after the first rains. Thus, the rec overy of tree photosynthetic capacity in the early wet season was dependent on the recovery of foliage retained during the dry season, rather than the production of new foliage. Such a response may represent an important adap tive strategy that permits a rapid response to the first rains with a minim um outlay of new resource.