A company-office system "Valentine" providing informal communication and personal space based on 3D virtual space and avatars

In this paper we propose a virtual office environment that integrates natur al communication and secure private space. The features of this system are the following. (1) This system has a virtual shared room based on the idea of ''shared room metaphor'' and 3D graphics on an SGI workstation is used f or this system. It uses Ethernet media (i.e. real-time audio/video streams) . (2) This system implements the field of view of a human by using our "aro und view" technique. This provides more natural communication between membe rs. (3) "Sound effects" are used to help users feel the presence of other m embers. For instance, members hear the sound of a door opening when someone logs into our system and the sound of footsteps when someone is walking ar ound our virtual room. (4) At times our system limits the flow of awareness information. A person concentrating on his/her work may not want to percei ve excessive awareness of others. To support such situation, we define "awa reness space" which restricts the field where other members' awareness is t ransmitted. Awareness space changes in size with the degree of concentratio n which is measured through two factors: the movement of a chair and the fr equency of keyboard typing. (5) "Headphone metaphor". A picture of a headph one is attached above a person's image and changes color depending on the d egree of concentration. This enables other members to recognize his/her sta te and can be a criterion as to whether he/she is available to communicate or not. (6) In the virtual space, users are represented as avatars built of 3D polygons and still pictures. The avatars change shape automatically acc ording to the users' action. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights rese rved.