A brief two-part study was undertaken to find out what midsized and smaller
systems know about capacity development and what they need in order to com
ply with SDWA requirements. Three paradoxes emerged. (1) Capacity developme
nt provisions bring both more risk and more opportunity. (2) The provisions
take more time but also save time. (3) The provisions allow states flexibi
lity while requiring them, as a rendition of receiving 100 percent of their
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund allotment, to help systems acquire and
maintain capacity. Suggested steps to resolve these paradoxes are presente
d for consideration by state primacy agencies and other groups.